|
|
|||
|
Class Pteridophyta (Ferns) | |||
| Fam. NEPHROLEPIDACEAE |
|
||
|
Nephrolepis cordifolia (L.) C. Presl.
|
---
|
ind
|
|
| Fam. PTERIDACEAE | |||
|
Pteris cretica L.
|
‘ōali
|
ind
|
|
| Fam. THELYPTERIDACEAE |
|
||
|
Cyclosorus interruptus (Willd.) H. Itō
|
neke
|
ind
|
|
|
Class Magnoliopsida (Dicots) | |||
| Fam. AMARANTHACEAE |
|
||
|
Achyranthes splendens Mart. ex Moq. Nototrichium humile Hillebr. Nototrichium sandwicense (A. Gray) Hillebr.
|
‘Ewa hinahina kulu‘i kulu‘i
|
end end E end
|
|
| Fam. APOCYNACEAE | |||
|
Rauvolfia sandwicensis A. DC
|
hao
|
end
|
|
| Fam. ARALIACEAE |
|
||
|
Munroidendron racemosum (C. Forbes) Sherff Reynoldsia sandwicensis A. Gray
|
pōkalakala ‘ohe makai
|
end E end
|
|
| Fam. ASTERACEAE | |||
|
† Artemisia mauiensis (A. Gray) Skottsb. † Bidens sp. † Lipochaeta sp.
|
‘āhinahina ko‘oko‘olau nehe
|
end end end
|
|
| Fam. BORAGINACEAE |
|
||
|
* Cordia subcordata Lam.
|
kou
|
pol
|
|
| Fam. CAMPANULACEAE | |||
|
† Brighamia sp.
|
‘ālula
|
end E
|
|
| Fam. CAPPARACEAE | |||
|
Capparis sandwichiana DC
|
maiapilo
|
end V
|
|
| Fam. CHENOPODIACEAE |
|
||
|
* Chenopodium oahuense (Meyen) Aellen
|
‘āheahea
|
end
|
|
| Fam. CLUSIACEAE |
|
||
|
Calophyllum inophyllum L.
|
kamani
|
pol
|
|
| Fam. CONVOLVULACEAE |
|
||
|
Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. † Ipomoea indica (J. Burm.) Merr. † Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R.Br. * Jacquemontia ovalifolia (Choisy) H. Hallier
|
‘uala piko koali ‘awa pōhuehue pā‘ū o Hi‘iaka
|
pol ind ind ind
|
|
| Fam. CUCURBITACEAE | |||
|
* Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standly † Sicyos pachycarpus Hook. & Arnott
|
ipu, hue, pōhue kūpala
|
pol end
|
|
| Fam. DIOSCOREACEAE | |||
|
† Dioscorea bulbifera L.
|
hoi
|
pol
|
|
| Fam. EBENACEAE | |||
|
Diospyros sandwicensis (A.DC) Fosb.
|
lama
|
end
|
|
| Fam. EUPHORBIACEAE |
|
||
|
Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd. † Antidesma sp. † Chamaesyce celastroides (Boiss.) Croiz. & Deg. † Chamaesyce degeneri (Sherff) Croiz. & Deg.
|
kukui hame ‘akoko ‘akoko
|
pol end end end
|
|
| Fam. FABACEAE |
|
||
|
Acacia koa A. Gray Acacia koaia Hillebr. † Canavalia galeata (Gaud.) Vogel † Caesalpinia kavaiensis H. Mann Erythrina sandwicensis Degener † Sesbania tomentosum Hook & Arnott Sesbania tomentosum f. arborea Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers.
|
koa koai‘a ‘āwikiwiki uhiuhi wiliwili ‘ohai (Kaena) ‘ohai (Kawela) ‘auhuhu
|
end end end end E end end V end V pol
|
|
| Fam. FLACOURTIACEAE | |||
|
† Xylosma hawaiiense Seem.
|
maua
|
end
|
|
| Fam. GOODENIACEAE |
|
||
|
* Scaevola sericea Vahl † Scaevola cf. gaudichaudii Hook. & Arnott |
naupaka kahakai naupaka kuahiwi |
ind end
|
|
| Fam. LAMIACEAE |
|
||
|
* Plectranthus parviflorus Willd.
|
‘ala ‘ala wai nui
|
ind
|
|
| Fam. MALVACEAE |
|
||
|
* Abutilon incanum (Link) Sweet Abutilon menziesii Seem * Gossypium tomentosum Nutt. ex. Seem. Hibiscus arnottianus A. Gray Hibiscus brackenridgei A. Gray Hibiscus clayi Degener & Degener Hibiscus furcellatus Desr. Hibiscus kokio Hillebr. * Hibiscus tiliaceus L. * Sida fallax Walp. * Thespesia populnea (L.) Sol. ex Correa
|
ma‘o, hoary abutilon ko‘oloa ‘ula ma‘o, huluhulu, Hawaiian cotton koki‘o ke‘oke‘o ma‘o hau hele ‘akiohala, hau hele wai koki‘o ‘ula hau ‘ilima milo
|
ind? end E end V end end E end E ind end R ind? ind ind?
|
|
| Fam. MENISPERMACEAE |
|
||
|
† Cocculus trilobus (Thunb.) DC
|
huehue
|
ind
|
|
| Fam. MORACEAE | |||
|
Artocarpus altilis (Z) Fosberg * Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Venten.
|
‘ulu wauke
|
pol pol
|
|
| Fam. MYOPORACEAE |
|
||
|
* Myoporum sandwicense A. Gray
|
naio
|
ind
|
|
| Fam. MYRTACEAE | |||
|
† Metrosideros polymorpha Gaud. Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry
|
maiapilo ‘ōhi‘a ‘ai
|
end V pol
|
|
| Fam. NYCTAGINACEAE | |||
|
†Pisonia sp.
|
pāpala kepau
|
end
|
|
| Fam. ONAGRACEAE |
|
||
|
* Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) Raven
|
kamole, primrose willow
|
pol?
|
|
| Fam. OXALIDACEAE |
|
||
|
* Oxalis corniculata L.
|
‘ihi‘ai, yellow wood sorrel
|
ind?
|
|
| Fam. PAPAVERACEAE | |||
|
† Argemone glauca (Nut. ex Prain) Pope
|
pua kala
|
endp> | |
| Fam. PITTOSPORACEAE | |||
|
Pittosporum sp.
|
ho‘awa
|
end
|
|
| Fam. PLUMBAGINACEAE |
|
||
|
* Plumbago zeylanica L.
|
‘ilie‘e, hilie‘e
|
ind
|
|
| Fam. POLYGONACEAE |
|
||
|
† Rumex giganteus W.T. Aiton
|
pāwale
|
end
|
|
| Fam. PORTULACACEAE | |||
|
† Portulaca molokiniensis Hobdy † Portulaca villosa Cham.
|
‘ihi ‘ihi
|
end R end V
|
|
| Fam. PRIMULACEAE | |||
|
Lysimachia mauritiana Lam.
|
---
|
ind
|
|
| Fam. RHAMNACEAE |
|
||
|
* Colubrina asiatica (L.) Brongn.
|
‘ānapanapa
|
ind
|
|
| Fam. ROSACEAE |
|
||
|
Osteomeles anthyllidifolia (Sm.) Lindl.
|
‘ūlei
|
ind
|
|
| Fam. RUBIACEAE |
|
||
|
Canthium odoratum (G. Forst.) Seem. Gardenia brighamii H. Mann * Morinda citrifolia L.
|
alahe‘e nanu, na‘u noni, Indian mulberry
|
ind end E pol
|
|
| Fam. SANTALACEAE | |||
|
Santalum ellipticum Gaud.
|
‘iliahialo‘e
|
end
|
|
| Fam. SAPINDACEAE |
|
||
|
Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. Sapindus oahuensis Hillebr. ex Radlk. Sapindus saponaria L.
|
‘a‘ali‘i āulu, lonomea, kaulu a‘e, mānele
|
ind end ind
|
|
| Fam. SAPOTACEAE | |||
|
† Pouteria sandwicensis (A. Gray) Baehni & Deg.
|
‘āla‘a
|
end
|
|
| Fam. SCROPHULARIACEAE |
|
||
|
* Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst.
|
‘ae‘ae
|
ind
|
|
| Fam. SOLANACEAE |
|
||
|
† Lycium sandwicense A. Gray * Solanum americanum Mill. † Solanum nelsonii Dunal † Solanum sandwicense Hook. & Arnott
|
‘ōhelo kai pōpolo pōpolo, ‘ākia pōpolo‘aiakeakua
|
ind ind? end end E
|
|
| Fam. STERCULIACEAE |
|
||
|
* Waltheria indica L.
|
‘uhaloa
|
ind?
|
|
| Fam. THYMELAEACEAE |
|
||
|
Wikstroemia oahuensis (A. Gray) Rock Wikstroemia uva-ursi A. Gray
|
‘ākia ‘ākia
|
end end
|
|
| Fam. URTICACEAE | |||
|
† Neraudia angulata R. Cowan † Pipturus albidus (Hook. & Arnott) A. Gray
|
--- māmaki, māmake
|
end E end
|
|
| Fam. VERBENACEAE |
|
||
|
* Vitex rotundifolia L. fil.
|
pōhinahina, beach vitex
|
ind
|
|
|
Class Liliopsida (Monocots) | |||
| Fam. AGAVACEAE |
|
||
|
* Cordyline fruticosa (L.) A. Chev. Pleomele spp.
|
kī, ti hala pepe
|
pol end
|
|
| Fam. ARECACEAE |
|
||
|
Cocos nucifera L. Pritchardia hillebrandii (Kuntze) Becc. Pritchardia martii (Gaud.) H.A. Wendl. Pritchardia remota (Kuntze) Becc.
|
niu loulu lelo loulu hiwa loulu
|
pol end end end E
|
Fam. CYPERACEAE |
|
|
Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla Carex wahuensis C.A. Mey. Cladium jamaicense Crantz † Cyperus laevigatus L. * Cyperus polystachyos Rottb. Fimbristylis dichotoma (L.) Vahl Schoenoplectus lacustris (L.) Palla
|
kaluhā --- ‘uki makaloa --- --- ‘aka‘akai, bulrush
|
ind end ind ind ind ind ind
|
|
| Fam. LILIACEAE |
|
||
|
Dianella sandwicensis Hook. & Arnott
|
‘uki‘uki
|
ind
|
|
| Fam. PANDANACEAE | |||
|
Pandanus tectorius S. Parkinson ex Z
|
hala, pu hala
|
ind
|
|
| Fam. POACEAE |
|
||
|
† Cenchrus agrimonioides Trin. Eragrostis variabilis (Gaud.) Steud. * Heteropogon contortus (L.) P. Beauv. Sporobolus virginicus (L.) Kunth † Saccharum officinarum L.
|
kāmanomano, kūmanomano kāwelu pili, twisted beardgrass ‘aki‘aki kō, sugar cane
|
end E end ind? ind pol
|
|
| Fam. ZINGIBERACEAE | |||
|
Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Sm.
|
‘awapuhi
|
pol
|
|
| Listing last updated in April 2011 | |||
end - endemic; native to the Hawaiian Islands and found in nature nowhere else.
In time, we hope to create a lowland forest with open areas of scrub and grassland consisting entirely of native plant species (and Polynesian introductions); a system that of self perpetuating native plants. Whether or not that dream is even achievable, present efforts are on trying many different native plants and varieties to discover which ones do well at Nā Pōhaku o Hauwahine. To better quantify and convey our experiences, we have developed a scale of growth and survival of each species. The six-level scale is defined below. Somewhat finer gradations are indicated by half steps which can be revealed by placing a pointer on the scale value opposite each plant picture. These half steps can suggest how strong or weak we consider the present rating. For examples: a "scale = 4/5" for a Level 4 species indicates a species for which we are seeing a few seedlings possibly develop on their own; a "scale = 4/5" for a Level 5 species indicates a plant producing seedlings, but the survivability of those seedlings without tending is still questionable.
Remember, the rating scale and our observational notes are really only valid for the plantings at Nā Pōhaku. This is a windward, low elevation site and adjacent wetland (the latter with some unique characteristics). Rainfall is on the order of 40 inches (1000 mm) per year, with wet and dry seasons usually strongly expressed. Lateritic soils prevail, except in the marsh where acidic peat soils dominate. No calcareous or salty coastal soils are present, as might be the case closer to the ocean. And of course, many of the plants that do poorly here might do well in other locations.
A plant that appears not to do very well at this location unless constantly tended (e.g., watering during dry periods, removal of pests, removal of competing herbaceous species).
A plant that grows marginally well at Nā Pōhaku o Hauwahine, but requires watering in dry months and probably would not persist without tending.
A plant that grows well without supplemental watering once established, but may not naturally propagate at this location.
A plant that produces seeds (should propagate itself naturally after the initial introduction), but seedlings may require supplemental watering or other care.
A plant that establishes naturally on the site (propagates naturally) and does not require supplemental watering nor need seedlings be tended. Self-sustaining population.
Scale values assigned to each species planted at Nā Pōhaku o Hauwahine are displayed on the photograph pages. As time goes by, the values assigned to a species or variety may change, reflecting our increasing experience with each particular plant. Adjustments may be especially true for tree species which can take many years to mature. Ratings and notes are current as of December 2009.
This symbol beside a plant picture indicates a species growing in the wetland or the wetland margin and the rating applies to plantings (or volunteering) in or near the wetland (Kawai Nui Marsh) only.
[Hawaiian Names Listing]