NOTES: Good seed producer, although most germinate close to parent. Seedlings can be transplanted after reaching ~5+ cm height. Species surviving, but not spreading. Grows best in full sun, exposed locations. Selected for population expansion with seeds germinated in nursery in 2010 with minor success; at best maintained the small population.

Population: 3 (12/13), 1 (05/18)

NOTES: We are expanding population from cuttings. Grows well in both full sun and partial shade; slow growing or gradual decline in deep shade.

Population: 3 (05/18)

NOTES: Plantings surviving, but not spreading.

Population: 1 (12/13), 4 (05/18)

NOTES: Flowering of larger specimen observed each year since December '07, but no seeds recovered. Possibly seeds are being taken by birds.

Population: 2 (3/11)

NOTES: One of two specimens (on right in photo) developed a bacterial infection of the trunk in 2011 and eventually died, but seeds were recovered and these were successfully grown in the nursery. Approximately a dozen juveniles have been outplanted. The other tree flowered in 2011, but fruiting stalk removed by unauthorized person(s).

Population: 2+ (3/11)

NOTES: This species is spreading well on its own and is becoming (along with milo) one of the main forest tree species at Nā Pōhaku, replacing the former koa haole forest.

Population: TNTC

NOTES: In 2009 this species was selected for an expanded presence at Nā Pōhaku, with the result that over two dozen individuals are now scattered about the site and seedlings are spotted regularly. Propagation in our Kaimaki "nursery" enlarged the population substantially in 2017. Population now expanding on its own.

Population: 0 (12/07), ~12 (12/09), ~20+ (05/18)

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