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after Wagner, Shannon, & Herbst (1997) |
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| 85a | (71) | One or more simple roots present. Frond veined (possibly difficult to see) and greater than 2 mm long, flat | [86] | ||
| 85b |
Root absent, leaves globose to ellipsoid, veinless, less than 2 mm long. Rare
Wolffia globosa (Roxb.) Hartog & Plas NOTE: In the picture at left, the larger fronds are Spirodela polyrrhiza (see below).. |
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| 86a | (85) | Fronds with one root and 1-7 veins; { underside green or with reddish blotches | [87] | ||
| 86b | Fronds with one to 20 roots and 3 to 16 veins { underside usually solid reddish-purple (red to magenta) | [88] | |||
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| 87a | (86) | Root sheath winged at base; root tip sharply pointed; roots not longer than 3 cm. No red color present on fronds Lemna aequinoctialis Welw.
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| 87b | Root sheath not winged; root tip mostly rounded; roots often longer than 3 cm. Fronds often red colored on lower surface or with red spots on either surface Lemna obscura (Austin) Daubs
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| 88a | (86) |
Fronds 1 to 1.5 times as long as broad, with 7-16 (21) veins. Roots 7 to 21, up to 4 cm long. { Underside of fronds often deep magenta (reddish purple) in color
Spirodela polyrrhiza (L.) Schleid.
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| 88b |
Fronds 1.5 to 2 times as long as wide, with 3 to 7 veins. Roots (1) 2 to 7 (12), up to 7 cm long. { Underside and upper margins of fronds reddish in color
Landoltia punctata (G. Meyer) Les & Crawford.
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