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Key to Aquatic Organisms and Features: Plants, Rocks, and Oddities
in the Hawaiian Islands
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[PLANT or ANIMAL ?]
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2a
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(1) |
Specimen is pretty obviously a plant with green pigment (chlorophyll).
{ Thallus (the plant body) growing attached or floating. Thallus is
either a crust or a mass, or thallus is filamentous (hair-like, and
branching or not); OR specimen is a plant with leaves, roots and/or stems
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[24 ]
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2b
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Specimen lacks green pigment OR appears to, OR specimen is not a live plant or animal { Color is either black, brown, tan, red, pink, orange, gray, yellow, white, or mostly transparent OR if non-living, any of these or green.
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[3] |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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3a
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(2) |
Specimen is or appears to be a living organism
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[4]
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3b
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Specimen is or appears to be mineral { either a rock, rock formation, sediment, or soil OR a skeleton of a once-living organism
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[16] |
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4a
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(3) |
Form is either a gelatinous mass (firm or soft), a gelatinous egg mass, a smooth crust, or form is more or less thread like (filamentous; branching or not). Color is gray to black or dark blue-green; OR color is olive, brown, tan, orange, red, or mostly transparent
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[5]
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4b
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Form is a hispid (covered with stiff points or hairs) crust or mass, OR is branching, but not filamentous; OR form is a distinct shape and appears to be an egg, mass of eggs, or a case. Color usually light yellow, light tan, or white, without blue or blue-green
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[10] |
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5a
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(4) |
Form a weak or strong gelatinous mass or gelatinous string, may contain egg-like units or not
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[6]
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5b
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Not gelatinous. Form either a thin crust, or more or less thread-like (branching or not), or a non-gelatinous mass of egg-like units
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[8] |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Figure 1 (left). Close-up of mud seep with growth of rust colored iron bacteria. Note the oil-like sheen (center and lower right) of bacteria
waste floating on wet surface.
Figure 2 (right). Embryos of the frog, Glandriana rugosa, still in a clear, gelatinous envelope
(note tadpole).
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6a
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(5) |
Color orange-brown (rust-colored) or light brown or pinkish. Form macroscopically amorphous (without any evident structure): diffuse floc or gelatinous to flocculent "slime" in water or forming rust-colored stains and slimes on banks around seeps (Fig. 1, above). Microscopically seen to consist of thin (~1 micron) filaments mostly less than 0.2 mm long. Iron bacteria
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[Note D]
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6b
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Color not like rust. Form either a solid mass of some other color; OR if soft and gelatinous, then with white or dark egg-like structures embedded in the gelatinous material (Fig.2)
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[7] |
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[NOTE THREE CHOICES HERE]
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7a
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(6) |
Gelatinous mass suffused with color: either red, brown, green, or some shade of green or brown, or very dark
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[33]
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7b
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Mass a small, clear gelatinous body with nearly microscopic, round white bodies (eggs or embryos). Molluscan (snail) eggs
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7c
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Gelatinous material clear, holding macroscopic, round or slightly elongated dark bodies (eggs or embryos; Fig. 2). Amphibian eggs
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[40] |
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8a
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(5) |
Form is egg-shaped or a cluster of egg-like units
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[12]
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8b
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Form either a thin crust, or thread-like and branching
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[9] |
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9a
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(8) |
Form is a crust; OR, if thread-like, then microscopically seen to be a chain of cells only one or a few cells thick
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[30]
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9b
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Form is a branching colony of intimately connected individuals, not a chain of cells
~ Phylum BRYOZOA
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[38] |
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Figure 3 (left). Statoblasts (?floatoblasts) of a bryozoan (Plumatella sp.) on the underside of a rock. Each asexually produced resting stage is about 0.3 mm long. On the right is the attachment portion of a released sessoblast.
Figure 4 (right). Egg masses of an applesnail are laid above the water surface.
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10a
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(4) |
Form is a mass, or egg-like, or a cluster of egg-like units; OR form is a case of some kind. (Fig. 3 shows statoblasts of a bryzoan)
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[11]
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10b
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Form is a branching colony of intimately connected individuals
~ Phylum BRYOZOA
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[38] |
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11a
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(10) |
Form is egg-shaped or a mass composed of egg-shaped objects
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[12]
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11b
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Form is not egg-shaped but some other shape; if a mass, then not a mass of egg-shaped pieces
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[13] |
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12a |
(8)&
(11) |
Eggs about 3 mm in diameter, arranged in an elongated mass attached to vegetation or other objects above the water line of relatively still waters (ponds, lo`i, drainage ditches). Having a white, calcareous shell, but contents (and overall color if fresh) is salmon red. Applesnail egg mass
~ Phylum MOLLUSCA ~ Class GASTROPODA ~ Family PILIDAE
~ Pomacea sp.
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12b
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Eggs smaller, or if similar size, then not pink or red in color
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[14] |
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13a
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(11) |
Whitish, papery, cylindrical or urn-shaped to 4 mm across, attached at base to submerged vegetation; upper end with circular cover extended at one edge into long narrow piece reaching to or towards water surface. egg case
~ Class INSECTA ~ Family HYDROPHILIDAE
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13b
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Shape or form is otherwise
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[14] |
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14a |
(12) & (13) |
Mass a yellowish to light tan encrusting growth with numerous voids (sponge-like). Mass with or without a layer of many, small (about 1/3 mm) yellow spheres (Fig. 4). Sponge
~ ~ Phylum PORIFERA ~ Family SPONGILLIDAE
Heteromyenia baileyi (Bowerbank)
Figure 5. A freshwater sponge growing as an encrusting mass over a rock surface. Note hispid surface and deep layer of yellowish egg-like structures called gemmules in lower quarter of photo.
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14b
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Shape or form is otherwise
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[100] |
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