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Key to Genus Schoenoplectus (Rchb.) Palla, nom. cons.
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Sedge species in the Genus Scirpus Rchb. are now placed in the Genus Schoenoplectus with over 130 species found worldwide. Three species occur in Hawai‘i and one on Guam. The taller members of the genus are known as bulrushes.
Figure 37A. Schoenoplectus californicus, the great bulrush, here growing in an isolated clump in Kawainui Marsh, Kailua, O‘ahu.
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[GENUS SCHOENOPLECTUS]
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12a
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(11)
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All spikelets sessile (see Fig. 37B, below). Small to medium size sedges, culms under 1 m (3 ft) in height .. .
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[13]
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12b
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Some or all spikelets on rays (thin branch structures). Medium to very large plants, culms usually taller than 0.7 m (2 ft). Bulrushes .. .
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[14]
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~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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13a
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(12)
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Culms round (terete) or 5 to 6 angled (pentagonal); leaf blades absent; basal leaf sheath present mostly as coarse fibers; { Culms usually under 0.7 m (2 ft). Kaluhā. Uncommon on Kaua‘i and rare on Hawai‘i Island and Guam. [HAW - IND] [GUM - IND]Schoenoplectus juncoides (Roxb.)Palla |
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13b
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 Culms trigonous, up to 1 m (3 ft) tall; leaf blade absent, but basal leaf sheath present, 1 to 10 cm (up to 4 in) long, brown or light green. { Uncommon; on Hawai‘i Island only [HAW - NAT]
Schoenoplectus mucronatus (L.) Palla
Figure 37B. Schoenoplectus mucronatus spikelets on culm. Note that the extension above the cluster of spikelets is not a continuation of the culm, but an upward-pointing bract. The groove seen in this bract is characteristic of this species and S. juncoides.
In Hawai‘i, consider somewhat similar Cyperus laevigatus (makaloa).
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[THREE CHOICES HERE]
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14a
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(12)
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 Flower bristles with backward pointing spines. { Culms terete or with but one or 2 angles throughout, generally less than 2 cm (3/4 inch) across at base and less than 1.5 m (5 ft) tall; color dark bluish-green. {Hawai‘i marsh and stream plant. ‘Aka‘akai; giant bulrush. [HAW - IND]Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (C.C. Gimel.) Palla
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14b
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Flower bristles plumose (feather-like). { Culms trigonous, at least towards the upper end, generally 2-3 cm (3/4 - 1 in) in diameter at base and over 1.5 m (5 ft) tall; color light to medium green. { Common Hawai‘i marsh plant. Great or California bulrush. [HAW - NAT]Schoenoplectus californicus (C. A. Mey.) Palla
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14c
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Culms terete, 1.2 m (4 ft) or greater in height. { Found in coastal marshes, especially southwest Guam. Bulrush [GUM - IND]Schoenoplectus littoralis var. capensis (Boek.) T. Koyama |
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Selected synonyms for species included above:
All Scirpus spp. (= Schoenoplectus spp.)
Schoenoplectus lacustris (L.) Palla (= S. tabernaemontani (C.C. Gimel.) Palla)
Scirpus fuirena T. Koyama (= Fuirena umbellata Rottb.)
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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
INFLORESCENCE TYPES
 INTRODUCTION
 AECOS, Inc.
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